Bayesian approach for evaluation of lactation curve in cross bred cattle based on monthly and bimonthly test day milk yield.

In field progeny testing program milk recording at monthly or bimonthly intervals and prediction of first lactation 305-day milk yield (FL305DMY) from these test day yields have been adapted as an alternative to daily milk recording. Wood's incomplete gamma function is the one of the commonly used nonlinear lactation curve model. In recent years Bayesian approach of fitting nonlinear biological models is gaining attention among researchers. In this study Wood's incomplete gamma function was fitted using Bayesian approach using monthly (MTDY) and bimonthly test day (BTDY) yields. The lactation curve parameters thus obtained were used for prediction of FL305DMY. Efficiency of prediction based on monthly and bimonthly test day milk yield were compared using error of prediction. It was found to be 5.78% and 7.59% as root mean square error (RMSE) based on MTDY and BTDY respectively.The Breeding values of 97 Karan Fries sires were estimated using BLUP-AM based on actual and predicted FL305DMY thus obtained. The RMSE was calculated as the difference between estimated breeding values based on actual and predicted yield. It was found that RMSE calculated based on MTDY showed only a marginal superiority of 0.79% over BTDY and showed high degree of correlation with actual yield. Therefore, recording at bimonthly intervals could be an economical alternative without compromising the efficiency.

A method for performance comparison of polycentric knees and its application to the design of a knee for developing countries.

BACKGROUND: Polycentric knees for transfemoral prostheses have a variety of geometries, but a survey of literature shows that there are few ways of comparing their performance. OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to present a method for performance comparison of polycentric knee geometries and design a new geometry. STUDY DESIGN: In this work, we define parameters to compare various commercially available prosthetic knees in terms of their stability, toe clearance, maximum flexion, and so on and optimize the parameters to obtain a new knee design. METHODS: We use the defined parameters and optimization to design a new knee geometry that provides the greater stability and toe clearance necessary to navigate uneven terrain which is typically encountered in developing countries. RESULTS: Several commercial knees were compared based on the defined parameters to determine their suitability for uneven terrain. A new knee was designed based on optimization of these parameters. Preliminary user testing indicates that the new knee is very stable and easy to use. CONCLUSION: The methodology can be used for better knee selection and design of more customized knee geometries. Clinical relevance The method provides a tool to aid in the selection and design of polycentric knees for transfemoral prostheses.

A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Study of Coblation versus Dissection Tonsillectomy in Adult Patients.

This randomized double blind study was conducted prospectively to determine whether coblation tonsillectomy fared better than the conventional dissection method in terms of postoperative pain, bleeding, and rapidity of healing in adult Indian patients undergoing tonsillectomy. Sixty adult patients undergoing tonsillectomy for benign indications were randomized to have one tonsil removed by subcapsular radiofrequency ablation method and the other by conventional dissection method. The operative time and blood loss was noted for each side. Patients were evaluated at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 h and then on 7th and 20th postoperative day for postoperative pain (by visual analog scale), bleeding, and tonsillar fossa healing. Statistical comparison was done using appropriate tests. The two groups were demographically matched. It took longer to perform the coblation procedure (15 vs 11 min) (P > 0.05). The operative blood loss on the radiofrequency side was 11 ml, vs 34 ml on the conventional side (P = 0.009). 77% patients said that the coblation side was less painful for the overall 20-day recovery period. There were significant differences seen at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h in terms of postoperative pain scores. Beyond that, the pain was consistently less on the coblation side, but the difference was not significant. There was no case of reactionary or secondary hemorrhage in either arm. The healing took longer on the radiofrequency side. Coblation tonsillectomy is an easy to learn technique with significantly reduced operative blood loss and postoperative pain. Longer operative times maybe further reduced with experience.

Primary B cell lymphoma of paranasal sinuses: a diagnostic surprise.

Primary lymphomas of paranasal cavities are rather uncommon entities. They have a variable presentation from fulminant destructive manifestations to chronic indolent type of disease. Chronic indolent form may mimic invasive fungal sinusitis in its presentation. Unless high index of suspicion is held and appropriate histopathology sections are taken from specimen, its diagnosis can be deceitful. We here by report a case of primary lymphoma of the paranasal sinuses which was radiologically and clinically suspected to be a invasive fungal sinusitis and later was proven to be a B cell lymphoma. Clinical similarities between lymphoma and invasive fungal sinusitis along with management issues are discussed in this article.

Macroglossia due to venous malformation.

Massive vascular malformation involving tongue can cause significant functional impairment. In this report we describe a rare case of extensive venous malformation involving tongue leading to obstructive sleep apnoea, inability to speak, eat, severe discomfort due to exposure induced dryness and ulceration. Multimodality treatment approach comprising of sclerotherapy, electrocautery and radiation therapy was used in this case.

Periosteo-Temporofascial flap for cavity obliteration - first Indian study.

Healing of the mastoid cavtiycompletely is the desired result after a mastoid surgery. Even after the Sade's principles' of the complete disease clearance, adequate lowering of the facial ridge, good meatoplasty and closure of the perforation of the tympanic membrane are fallowed, the complete healing of tike mastoid cavity is sometimes net the end result. According to various surgeons, the incidence of discharging mastoid cavity after a open cavity mastoid surgery is between /0-60%-H The usual techniques of obliteration of the mastoid cavity to decrease the size of the mastoid cavity, unusually has good healing results due to good vascularity. The failure ta the early detectmn 0/disease recurrence and risk of sudden appearance of intra-cranial complications are the most important disadvantages of the technique. We undertook a study in SO randomly chosen patients of Unsafe CSOM. Twenty five underwent obliteration of the mastoid cavity with Periosteo-Temporofascial flap, which is based on branches of posterior auricular artery and rest twenty five underwent non-obliteration of the mastoid cavity. Tfie results between the two groups were compared in terms of healing of the mastoid cavity and hearing gain after operation. Very good results in terms of healing of the cavity were seen after obliteration surgery. The rate of healing of the cavity was much faster after obliteration. The additional advantage with the flap is the see-through character of the cavity lining, which would lead to early detection of the disease recurrence. No significant increase in the hearing was seen in the obliterated patients as compared to non-obliterated cases.

Rare case of spontaneous closure of tracheo-esophageal fistula secondary to disc battery ingestion.

Accidental ingestion of foreign bodies by children is not an uncommon event. Now a day, with increasing accessibility of electronic toys and devices to the children, ingestion of miniature size batteries is on the rise [J. Am. Med. Assoc., 249, (1983), 2495]. Unlike the usual foreign bodies, ingestion of button alkaline batteries may be associated with serious complications if not removed early [Am. J. Otolaryngol., 21 (2000) 333]. We report a rare and interesting case, in which a child developed tracheo-esopbageal fistula secondary to disc battery ingestion, and importantly, its conservative management resulting in its spontaneous closure.

Butterfly inlay tympanoplasty: A study in Indian scenario.

Popularly myringoplasty is done by an underlay or an onlay technique using mostly temporalis fascia graft. A new technique of inlay tympanoplasty using composite cartilage perichondrium graft is applied in the present study of 20 patients, for closure of small to medium sized perforations. The results have been analysed in terms of graft take up rate and hearing improvement.

Embedded sharp metallic spring in esophagus.

Less than 1% of esophageal foreign bodies are irretrievable by endoscopic techniques. These cases require esophagotomy for removal. The impacted metallic spring with sharp ends (in opposite direction) is reported as esophageal foreign body which required esophagotomy after two failed endoscopic removals. The difficulties encountered during endoscopic maneuver, peculiar shape of foreign body and mode of impaction are discussed.

Giant cell tumor of hard palate.

The giant cell tumors usually present in epiphysis of long bones. These are uncommon tumors in head and neck region. These tumors have benign historical features but can be aggressive locally and even can metastasise to lungs. This rare tumor in hard palate is being reported here which was excised transpalatly.

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of maxilla in infancy.

Melanotic neruoectodermal tumour of infancy is an uncommon pigmented neural crest derivative. It is usually found affecting children aged one year or less. We present a case report of a four month old male infant with this tumour arising from the right maxilla showing extensive involovement of the surrounding bony and soft tissue structures.

Seven cases of branchial cyst and sinuses in four generations.

7 cases of isolated branchial anomalies distributed in four consecutive generations of a Central Indian family are described: 6 were males and 1 was female. 3 members had a left-sided branchial sinus, 1 had a right-sided sinus, 2 had bilateral sinuses, and 1 had a right-sided cyst. The family shows that branchial (lateral cervical) cysts and sinuses are inherited as autosomal dominant characters, and that the two anomalies are indistinguishable genetically.

Facial nerve schwannoma.

The present article gives a brief and complete account of the incidence, pathology, clinical features, diagnosis, management and prognosis of the schwannoma with special reference to facial nerve schwannomas. A case report of a rare schwannoma of the vertical part of the facial nerve found on biopsy of tissue during a postaural modified radical mastoidectomy is included.